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(None of what appears on this site — in whole or in part — may be used without the express and written permission of the author. Under the provisions of U.S. copyright law, David Bawden now must remove any and all copy written by Teresa L. [T. Stanfill] Benns from all his sites. Any support, explicit or implied, in any article remaining on these sites is hereby withdrawn. All copy written by Bawden once offered as free downloads on this site has been removed.)

Heresy by Degrees

Why I no longer support "Pope Michael"

Introduction

Heresy according to Cum ex

Pre-election heresy

Summary

Errors in Dogma

Heresy and culpability

Scholasticism and heresy

Bawden's web pages

Clerical Fitness

Cardinal-deacons and papal election law

Investigating priestly candidates

Holiness of Life

St. John Chrysostom on fitness of priests

Saints and Fathers on fitness and examination

Papal candidates and experience

Episcopal residency

Ordination of a lay pope

True and false jurisdiction

Shepherd or hireling?

Common Error
and Apostolic Succession

Catholic Intuition

A doubtful pope

Duties of superiors and subjects

Choosing a suitable spiritual leader

Pius XIII hoax

Miscellaneous

Please Don't Read This Book

Chiefly Among Women

"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident."— Arthur Schopenhauer
"Whoever sincerely seeks the truth is already by that fact armed with a terrible force." — Theodor Dostoyevsky
"Truths and principles are divine; they govern the world. To suffer for them is the greatest glory of man." — Cardinal Manning
"Nothing conquers except truth; the victory of truth is charity." — St. Augustine
"Every truth without exception — and whoever may utter it — is from the Holy Ghost." — St. Thomas Aquinas
"Truth is one and invariable but error is variable and manifold." — Orestes Brownson
"The greater the truth, the worse the libel!" — St. Thomas More
"Fact and argument are the tests of truth and error." — Cardinal Newman
"Truth wears a crown of thorns."
Sr. Faustina Kowalska
Introduction

Personal invective, from several different quarters, has so far been the only response to the arguments presented here; arguments that we have given the parties concerned over a month to consider. This was to avoid any protest of unfair accusation. Not only for reasons of charity but for other reasons the Church condemns use of these invectives. Every person claiming to be Catholic can sling mud at every other Catholic if they so choose because we are all sinners. Prolonged personal contact provides more mud for the slinging. The appearance of authority intimidates many and further confuses the issues. The only authority claimed for these pages is that of the continual magisterium of the Church Herself, and those works She approves. We are merely the messenger. (Please also read Ridicule Kills and Traditionalists and Sacred Theology in free downloads.)

The Church insists that Her truths of faith be presented and proven in a particular way. That "way" is the method used by the Scholastics. The Church approves no other method. As the esteemed theologian Rev. J.C. Fenton rightly observed, "A man is a competent theologian only to the extent that his teaching, written or oral, is an accurate statement of divine public revelation…the actual teaching of the ecclesiastical magisterium." In all these proofs, I have presented these teachings. The charge has been leveled that I have ulterior motives and have no right to publish these Catholic teachings on my site; that my motives proceed entirely from personal vindictiveness. Even though there is abundant proof that this is not the case, I have not refuted these allegations because it is not pertinent to the argument at hand. Scholasticism insists that those using this method not stray from the point in question. I freely admit that I am an amateur theologian, but then who today is not? The works presented on this site have taken several months of studying/writing time and constant prayer to compile. I have done my very best to follow the rules laid down by the Church. I have striven to be as accurate and as fair as possible, despite sore temptations to descend to scathing epithets. I have presented the argument from several different perspectives. Beyond that I can do no more.

That this is not a personal attack should be clear from the proofs provided here. No mere personal attack could ever hope to garner so many proofs from so many different directions. These pieces, taken from the mouths of others, speak for themselves. As stated by the saints and Fathers, many saintly Popes and others, all Catholics are obliged under pain of excommunication to personally condemn heresy (Can. 1325), since silence implies consent. In his work Theologia Moralis, St. Alphonsus Liguori teaches that the average Catholic layman is competent to judge heresy and refute the heretic. That the definition of an "average" Catholic has sunk to all-time lows, making only "above average " Catholics able to carry out this task today is deplorable; true Catholics worthy of the name should be mortified that they choose to know so little about their faith and are so willfully ignorant and indifferent. That this sin against the Holy Ghost, resisting the known truth, is fatal to the soul should be too well known by faithful Catholics to even bear repeating here.

In that magnificent book by Fr. Hugo Doyle, Guidance in Spiritual Direction, much is made of the fact that God desires the direction of Catholics by other Catholics. St. John of the Cross teaches the same thing and Pope Leo XIII wrote, "God in His infinite providence has decreed that men for the most part should be saved by men…St. Chrysostom says, 'We should be taught by God through men'." And yet we must be painfully careful not to commit the soul that God has entrusted to us to the false Christs and ravening wolves of the world, even if they appear in sheep's clothing or assume the name of an angel. For as St. Paul taught, "But though we or an angel from heaven…preach to you a Gospel besides that which you have received, let him be anathema. For do I now persuade men, or God? Or do I seek to please men? If I yet pleased men, I should not be the servant of Christ," (Gal. 1: 8-10). And unless St. Paul's hearers knew and understood the true words of the Gospel, how would they ever be able to sift the truth from lies?

I was "excommunicated" by David Bawden on May 8, 2007 for the "Gallicanist heresy," a charge he trumped up in response to my open condemnation of his refusal to provide proofs of his fitness for the priesthood. But rather than inspire fear and dread, this empty gesture serves only to further confirm all that is written here. For does not Holy Scripture tell us that these false prophets shall say to themselves, "I sit a queen and am no widow: and sorrow I shall not see,"? (Apoc. 18:7). And elsewhere is it not predicted that they would not do penance for their sins? (Apoc. 16: 9). What right-thinking Catholic, weighing the pitifully small number remaining in the retinue of this person against all the great saints, saintly Popes and millions upon millions of faithful of the past 2,000 years, would ever believe that tiny number remaining is the true remnant? Particularly when the leader of this sect has demonstrably strayed far from the Catholic faith to embrace error and innovation? While it is true that numbers mean nothing in measuring orthodoxy, they mean a great deal if that orthodoxy does not exist! St. Vincent of Lerins advised Catholics what to do in the event they were ever faced with such a difficult choice: "What then shall a Catholic Christian do, if some small part of the Church cut itself off from the communion of the universal faith? What else but prefer the health of the whole body before the pestiferous and corrupt member? And what if some new infection goeth about to corrupt not in this case a small part, but the whole Church? Then likewise shall he regard, and be sure to cleave unto, antiquity; which can now no more be seduced by any crafty novelty."

I have been accused of denying the doctrine of perpetuity and necessity of the papacy, which I have ardently promoted for 25 years, by publishing these works. Yet I am more ardent in this cause today than ever before. Ardent because I will allow no one to besmirch the venerated reputation and sublime purpose of Holy Mother Church by their heretical whims and evil example; ardent because in attempting to supply a true head for Christ's Church according to His stated will, it was my most fervent intention to unite all Catholics under one true head, not spawn yet another false pope. Yes, Christ demands that His Church be visible. But as St. Francis de Sales reminds us: "The Church shall never be in the desert, thus hidden, [not visible] until…the time of Antichrist. She shall be seen to flee thither and be seen thence to come forth," (The Catholic Controversy). We, as many others, sorrowfully and penitently await Her glorious return.

Prayer of the Angel at Fatima for non-believers: "O my God, I believe, I adore I hope in and I love thee; and I beg pardon for all those who do not believe, do not adore, do not hope in and do not love Thee."

 

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